{"id":44,"date":"2024-04-23T20:53:04","date_gmt":"2024-04-23T12:53:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/todroberts.com\/?p=44"},"modified":"2024-04-23T20:53:04","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T12:53:04","slug":"solar-and-power-inverter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/todroberts.com\/sk\/solarny-a-vykonovy-menic\/","title":{"rendered":"sol\u00e1rny a v\u00fdkonov\u00fd meni\u010d"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pre\u010do potrebujete pre svoj sol\u00e1rny syst\u00e9m strieda\u010d energie<\/h1>\n

V\u00e1\u0161 sol\u00e1rny syst\u00e9m potrebuje strieda\u010d na premenu jednosmern\u00e9ho pr\u00fadu (DC), ktor\u00fd sa z\u00edskava z panelov, na striedav\u00fd pr\u00fad (AC). Okrem toho tieto strieda\u010de plnia vo va\u0161om dome viacero \u010fal\u0161\u00edch funkci\u00ed a mali by vykon\u00e1va\u0165 aj v\u0161etky potrebn\u00e9 \u00fadr\u017ebov\u00e9 \u00fakony.<\/p>\n

Pri navrhovan\u00ed efekt\u00edvneho syst\u00e9mu sol\u00e1rnej energie plus bat\u00e9rie je rozhoduj\u00facim faktorom ve\u013ekos\u0165 v\u00e1\u0161ho meni\u010da. Pri men\u0161om strieda\u010di m\u00f4\u017ee doch\u00e1dza\u0165 k strat\u00e1m \u00fa\u010dinnosti po\u010das jeho konverzie z jednosmern\u00e9ho na striedav\u00fd zdroj energie, \u010do vedie k strat\u00e1m \u00fa\u010dinnosti po\u010das prev\u00e1dzky.<\/p>\n

\u010co je to meni\u010d?<\/h2>\n

Meni\u010de premie\u0148aj\u00fa jednosmern\u00fd pr\u00fad (DC) na striedav\u00fd pr\u00fad (AC). To umo\u017e\u0148uje zapoji\u0165 elektronick\u00e9 zariadenia priamo do z\u00e1suviek, ktor\u00e9 poskytuj\u00fa striedav\u00fd pr\u00fad v dom\u00e1cnostiach; na rozdiel od jednosmern\u00e9ho pr\u00fadu m\u00f4\u017ee striedav\u00fd pr\u00fad pr\u00fadi\u0165 oboma smermi, a preto mus\u00ed by\u0165 spr\u00e1vne usmernen\u00fd, aby fungoval efekt\u00edvne.<\/p>\n

Meni\u010d funguje tak, \u017ee riadi s\u00fabor sp\u00edna\u010dov prostredn\u00edctvom mikroprocesora, pri\u010dom sp\u00edna na ove\u013ea vy\u0161\u0161ej frekvencii, ne\u017e na akej pracuje v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina dom\u00e1cich spotrebi\u010dov (50 - 60 hertzov pre v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu dom\u00e1cich zariaden\u00ed), aby sa vytvorili takmer s\u00ednusov\u00e9 vlny s celkov\u00fdm harmonick\u00fdm skreslen\u00edm (THD) pod 3%.<\/p>\n

Hodnota \u00fa\u010dinnosti v\u00fdkonov\u00e9ho meni\u010da sa vypo\u010d\u00edta tak, \u017ee sa jeho sp\u00ednacie straty odpo\u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa od celkov\u00e9ho spotrebovan\u00e9ho vstupn\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu a potom sa tento \u00fadaj zverejn\u00ed bu\u010f ako menovit\u00fd v\u00fdkon jednosmern\u00e9ho pr\u00fadu, alebo ako hodnota \u00fa\u010dinnosti Euro.<\/p>\n

Strieda\u010de s\u00fa z\u00e1kladnou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou ka\u017ed\u00e9ho sol\u00e1rneho syst\u00e9mu, preto\u017ee premie\u0148aj\u00fa energiu vyroben\u00fa sol\u00e1rnymi panelmi na elektrick\u00fa energiu, ktor\u00fa m\u00f4\u017eu vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 dom\u00e1cnosti aj podniky. Tradi\u010dn\u00e9 \"stringov\u00e9\" strieda\u010de sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa v\u0161etky sol\u00e1rne panely dohromady, aby s\u00fa\u010dasne prij\u00edmali v\u0161etok ich jednosmern\u00fd v\u00fdstup; \u010doraz viac \u013eud\u00ed sa rozhoduje pre mikrostrieda\u010de pripojen\u00e9 priamo k jednotliv\u00fdm panelom na efekt\u00edvnej\u0161iu v\u00fdrobu a z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00e9 nap\u00e1janie v pr\u00edpade v\u00fdpadku siete; zvy\u010dajne s\u00fa vybaven\u00e9 ochranou pomocou teplotn\u00fdch senzorov, ktor\u00e9 chr\u00e1nia tieto zariadenia pred prehriat\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Meni\u010de premie\u0148aj\u00fa jednosmern\u00fd elektrick\u00fd pr\u00fad (DC) na striedav\u00fd elektrick\u00fd pr\u00fad (AC).<\/h2>\n

V sol\u00e1rnych syst\u00e9moch konvertuj\u00fa meni\u010de jednosmern\u00fd pr\u00fad zo sol\u00e1rnych panelov na striedav\u00fd pr\u00fad, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017eu vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 dom\u00e1ce spotrebi\u010de a elektronika. Chr\u00e1nia tie\u017e dom\u00e1ce zariadenia a elektroin\u0161tal\u00e1ciu v pr\u00edpade v\u00fdpadku elektrick\u00e9ho pr\u00fadu; zabra\u0148uj\u00fa prenosu elektrickej energie do vonkaj\u0161ieho elektrick\u00e9ho vedenia po\u010das v\u00fdpadkov siete; a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa v\u00e1m po pripojen\u00ed k sieti generova\u0165 kredity za \u010dist\u00fa energiu (z\u013eavy na \u00fa\u010dte za elektrinu za odoslanie prebyto\u010dnej sol\u00e1rnej energie sp\u00e4\u0165 do energetickej spolo\u010dnosti).<\/p>\n

Meni\u010de pracuj\u00fa na z\u00e1klade r\u00fdchleho zap\u00ednania a vyp\u00ednania ve\u013ek\u00e9ho po\u010dtu tranzistorov (alebo polovodi\u010dov). Ke\u010f sa jednotliv\u00e9 dvojice tranzistorov otv\u00e1raj\u00fa a zatv\u00e1raj\u00fa v r\u00f4znych intervaloch, ich elektrick\u00fd pr\u00fad primerane st\u00fapa a kles\u00e1; vytv\u00e1ra sa takzvan\u00e1 s\u00ednusoida. V\u00fdsledn\u00fd priebeh pripom\u00edna valiace sa kopce.<\/p>\n

Jednosmern\u00fd pr\u00fad te\u010die len jedn\u00fdm smerom, zatia\u013e \u010do striedav\u00fd pr\u00fad sa ka\u017ed\u00fa sekundu nieko\u013ekokr\u00e1t zmen\u00ed. Meni\u010d premie\u0148a jednosmern\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie (zvy\u010dajne 12, 24 alebo 48 V) na \u0161tandardn\u00e9 striedav\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie 120 alebo 240 V pri 60 Hz.<\/p>\n

Strieda\u010de m\u00f4\u017eu energiu, ktor\u00fa premie\u0148aj\u00fa, uklada\u0165 do bat\u00e9ri\u00ed pre n\u00fadzov\u00e9 situ\u00e1cie alebo pre pr\u00edpady \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9ho odberu. Okrem toho sa m\u00f4\u017eu strieda\u010de vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 aj v syst\u00e9moch obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojov energie na premenu v\u00fdkonu veternej turb\u00edny alebo vodn\u00e9ho gener\u00e1tora na pou\u017eite\u013en\u00fa striedav\u00fa elektrick\u00fa energiu, ktor\u00fa m\u00f4\u017eu vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 in\u00e9 zariadenia v syst\u00e9me.<\/p>\n

Strieda\u010de m\u00f4\u017eu uklada\u0165 elektrick\u00fa energiu do bat\u00e9ri\u00ed.<\/h2>\n

Sol\u00e1rne panely vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa slne\u010dn\u00e9 svetlo na uvo\u013e\u0148ovanie elektr\u00f3nov z krem\u00edkov\u00fdch do\u0161ti\u010diek, \u010d\u00edm sa vytv\u00e1ra elektrick\u00fd pr\u00fad. Tento jednosmern\u00fd pr\u00fad (DC) bohu\u017eia\u013e v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina dom\u00e1cich spotrebi\u010dov nedok\u00e1\u017ee vyu\u017ei\u0165, preto si sol\u00e1rny syst\u00e9m vy\u017eaduje meni\u010d, ktor\u00fd ho premen\u00ed na striedav\u00fd pr\u00fad, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee va\u0161a dom\u00e1cnos\u0165 vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165.<\/p>\n

Strieda\u010de plnia viacero funkci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00fa pri prev\u00e1dzke v\u00e1\u0161ho sol\u00e1rneho syst\u00e9mu. Napr\u00edklad monitoruj\u00fa nap\u00e4tie panelov, aby stanovili maxim\u00e1lnu \u00farove\u0148 v\u00fdstupn\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu modulov, \u010d\u00edm zabra\u0148uj\u00fa pr\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e9mu v\u00fdkonu re\u0165azcov, a t\u00fdm zni\u017euj\u00fa celkov\u00fa v\u00fdrobu energie z v\u00e1\u0161ho syst\u00e9mu. Okrem toho maj\u00fa strieda\u010de funkcie ochrany syst\u00e9mu pred poruchami, ktor\u00e9 zistia a vypn\u00fa syst\u00e9m, ak sa nie\u010do stane s panelmi alebo kabel\u00e1\u017eou, a okam\u017eite ho vypn\u00fa, ak sa v niektorom z t\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadov nie\u010do pokaz\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Inteligentn\u00e9 strieda\u010de poskytuj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161iu \u00farove\u0148 komunik\u00e1cie so sie\u0165ou. Strieda\u010de pripojen\u00e9 k sol\u00e1rnym syst\u00e9mom viazan\u00fdm na sie\u0165 dok\u00e1\u017eu zisti\u0165 odch\u00fdlky frekvencie a nap\u00e4tia od \u0161tandardn\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t a reagova\u0165 na ne r\u00f4znymi sp\u00f4sobmi; niektor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu odola\u0165 mal\u00fdm poruch\u00e1m; ak odch\u00fdlka pretrv\u00e1va pr\u00edli\u0161 dlho, m\u00f4\u017eu sa od nej dokonca odpoji\u0165 a \u00faplne vypn\u00fa\u0165.<\/p>\n

In\u00e9 strieda\u010de v pr\u00edpade potreby dod\u00e1vaj\u00fa do siete jalov\u00fd v\u00fdkon, \u010d\u00edm pom\u00e1haj\u00fa vyrovn\u00e1va\u0165 sie\u0165 a zjednodu\u0161uj\u00fa pr\u00e1cu energetick\u00fdch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed. Okrem toho tieto strieda\u010de umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa vr\u00e1tenie prebyto\u010dnej sol\u00e1rnej energie sp\u00e4\u0165 do siete - \u0161etria peniaze prostredn\u00edctvom kreditov za \u010dist\u00fa energiu na \u00fa\u010dte za elektrinu!<\/p>\n

Strieda\u010de m\u00f4\u017eu komunikova\u0165 so sie\u0165ou.<\/h2>\n

S rast\u00facim vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm sol\u00e1rnej energie sa exponenci\u00e1lne zvy\u0161uje v\u00fdznam komunik\u00e1cie strieda\u010dov so sie\u0165ou. Musia ju informova\u0165, ke\u010f ich v\u00fdroba prekro\u010d\u00ed spotrebu, aby mohli z\u00edska\u0165 kredit. Musia by\u0165 tie\u017e schopn\u00e9 meni\u0165 v\u00fdkon pod\u013ea toho, ako sa men\u00ed ostatn\u00e1 v\u00fdroba a dopyt - tento aspekt je zn\u00e1my ako automatick\u00e9 riadenie v\u00fdroby v sieti.<\/p>\n

Strieda\u010de poskytuj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ie sie\u0165ov\u00e9 slu\u017eby, ako je odozva na nap\u00e4tie a frekvenciu. V sieti neust\u00e1le kol\u00ed\u0161e nap\u00e4tie (sila, ktor\u00e1 pos\u00fava elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj vpred) a pr\u00fad (tok nabit\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc). V\u010faka strieda\u010dom vybaven\u00fdm funkciami na synchroniz\u00e1ciu oboch do f\u00e1zy je ich v\u00fdkon \"re\u00e1lnej\u0161\u00ed\", aby ho mohli pripojen\u00e9 zariadenia absorbova\u0165.<\/p>\n

Podobne v kombin\u00e1cii so sol\u00e1rnymi syst\u00e9mami m\u00f4\u017eu strieda\u010de pom\u00e1ha\u0165 bat\u00e9ri\u00e1m reagova\u0165 na v\u00fdkyvy nap\u00e4tia v sieti t\u00fdm, \u017ee upravuj\u00fa v\u00fdkon pri prudk\u00fdch n\u00e1rastoch alebo poklesoch nap\u00e4tia, \u010d\u00edm pom\u00e1haj\u00fa chr\u00e1ni\u0165 bat\u00e9rie a in\u00e9 zariadenia siete pred po\u0161koden\u00edm alebo poruchou.<\/p>\n

Strieda\u010de sa m\u00f4\u017eu pripoji\u0165 k sieti prostredn\u00edctvom komunika\u010dn\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed zabudovan\u00fdch priamo v nich alebo pripojen\u00fdch ako pr\u00edslu\u0161enstvo, ktor\u00e9 odosielaj\u00fa inform\u00e1cie o vlastnej v\u00fdrobe a spotrebe energie priamo do internetovej br\u00e1ny alebo monitorovacieho hardv\u00e9ru, tak\u017ee majitelia, energetick\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti a syst\u00e9my automatiz\u00e1cie siete m\u00f4\u017eu sledova\u0165 v\u0161etko, \u010do sa v nich deje.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pre\u010do potrebujete pre svoj sol\u00e1rny syst\u00e9m strieda\u010d energie V\u00e1\u0161 sol\u00e1rny syst\u00e9m potrebuje strieda\u010d na premenu jednosmern\u00e9ho pr\u00fadu (DC), ktor\u00fd sa z\u00edskava z panelov, na striedav\u00fd pr\u00fad (AC). Okrem toho tieto strieda\u010de plnia vo va\u0161ej dom\u00e1cnosti viacero \u010fal\u0161\u00edch funkci\u00ed a mali by vykon\u00e1va\u0165 aj v\u0161etky potrebn\u00e9 \u00fadr\u017ebov\u00e9 \u00falohy. Ve\u013ekos\u0165 v\u00e1\u0161ho strieda\u010da je ...<\/p>\n

sol\u00e1rny a v\u00fdkonov\u00fd meni\u010d<\/span> \u010c\u00edtajte viac »<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-44","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-products"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/todroberts.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/todroberts.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/todroberts.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/todroberts.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/todroberts.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/todroberts.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":45,"href":"https:\/\/todroberts.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44\/revisions\/45"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/todroberts.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/todroberts.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=44"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/todroberts.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=44"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}