V\u00e1\u0161 sol\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9m vy\u017eaduje st\u0159\u00edda\u010d, kter\u00fd p\u0159em\u011bn\u00ed stejnosm\u011brn\u00fd proud (DC) z\u00edskan\u00fd z panel\u016f na st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd proud (AC). Krom\u011b toho tyto st\u0159\u00edda\u010de pln\u00ed ve va\u0161em dom\u011b \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch funkc\u00ed a m\u011bly by tak\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bt v\u0161echny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 \u00fakony \u00fadr\u017eby.<\/p>\n
Velikost st\u0159\u00edda\u010de je rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm faktorem p\u0159i navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9ho sol\u00e1rn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu plus baterie. U men\u0161\u00edho st\u0159\u00edda\u010de m\u016f\u017ee doch\u00e1zet ke ztr\u00e1t\u00e1m \u00fa\u010dinnosti p\u0159i p\u0159evodu stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9ho proudu na st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd, co\u017e vede ke ztr\u00e1t\u00e1m \u00fa\u010dinnosti b\u011bhem provozu.<\/p>\n
M\u011bni\u010de p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed stejnosm\u011brn\u00fd proud (DC) na st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd proud (AC). To umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159ipojovat elektronick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo do z\u00e1suvek, kter\u00e9 v dom\u00e1cnostech poskytuj\u00ed st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd proud; na rozd\u00edl od stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9ho proudu m\u016f\u017ee st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd proud proudit ob\u011bma sm\u011bry, a proto mus\u00ed b\u00fdt pro efektivn\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b sm\u011brov\u00e1n.<\/p>\n
St\u0159\u00edda\u010d pracuje tak, \u017ee \u0159\u00edd\u00ed sadu sp\u00edna\u010d\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm mikroprocesoru, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e sp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1 na mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed frekvenci, ne\u017e na jak\u00e9 pracuje v\u011bt\u0161ina dom\u00e1c\u00edch spot\u0159ebi\u010d\u016f (50-60 Hz u v\u011bt\u0161iny dom\u00e1c\u00edch spot\u0159ebi\u010d\u016f), aby se vytv\u00e1\u0159ely t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 sinusov\u00e9 vlny s celkov\u00fdm harmonick\u00fdm zkreslen\u00edm (THD) pod 3%.<\/p>\n
\u00da\u010dinnost m\u011bni\u010de se vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 tak, \u017ee se od celkov\u00e9ho spot\u0159ebovan\u00e9ho vstupn\u00edho v\u00fdkonu ode\u010dtou sp\u00ednac\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty a tento \u00fadaj se zve\u0159ejn\u00ed jako jmenovit\u00fd stejnosm\u011brn\u00fd v\u00fdstupn\u00ed v\u00fdkon nebo hodnota \u00fa\u010dinnosti Euro.<\/p>\n
St\u0159\u00edda\u010de jsou nezbytnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho sol\u00e1rn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, proto\u017ee p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed energii vyrobenou sol\u00e1rn\u00edmi panely na elekt\u0159inu, kterou mohou vyu\u017e\u00edvat dom\u00e1cnosti i podniky. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed \"\u0159et\u011bzov\u00e9\" st\u0159\u00edda\u010de spojuj\u00ed v\u0161echny sol\u00e1rn\u00ed panely dohromady, aby mohly p\u0159ij\u00edmat ve\u0161ker\u00fd stejnosm\u011brn\u00fd proud sou\u010dasn\u011b; st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji se lid\u00e9 rozhoduj\u00ed pro mikrost\u0159\u00edda\u010de p\u0159ipojen\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo k jednotliv\u00fdm panel\u016fm pro efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdrobu a z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed nap\u00e1jen\u00ed pro p\u0159\u00edpad v\u00fdpadku s\u00edt\u011b; obvykle jsou vybaveny ochranou pomoc\u00ed teplotn\u00edch \u010didel, kter\u00e1 chr\u00e1n\u00ed tato za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159ed p\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00edm.<\/p>\n
V sol\u00e1rn\u00edch syst\u00e9mech p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed st\u0159\u00edda\u010de stejnosm\u011brnou energii ze sol\u00e1rn\u00edch panel\u016f na st\u0159\u00eddavou, kterou mohou vyu\u017e\u00edvat dom\u00e1c\u00ed spot\u0159ebi\u010de a elektronika. Chr\u00e1n\u00ed tak\u00e9 dom\u00e1c\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a elektroinstalaci v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u00fdpadku proudu, zabra\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159enosu elekt\u0159iny do vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho elektrick\u00e9ho veden\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdpadku s\u00edt\u011b a umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed generovat kredity za \u010distou energii (slevy na \u00fa\u010dtu za elekt\u0159inu za odesl\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e9 sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie zp\u011bt energetick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti) p\u0159i p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k s\u00edti.<\/p>\n
M\u011bni\u010de pracuj\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b rychl\u00e9ho zap\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed a vyp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00e9ho po\u010dtu tranzistor\u016f (nebo polovodi\u010d\u016f). Kdy\u017e se jednotliv\u00e9 dvojice tranzistor\u016f otev\u00edraj\u00ed a zav\u00edraj\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00fdch intervalech, jejich elektrick\u00fd proud odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem stoup\u00e1 a kles\u00e1; vznik\u00e1 takzvan\u00e1 sinusoida. V\u00fdsledn\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 val\u00edc\u00ed se kopce.<\/p>\n
Stejnosm\u011brn\u00e1 elekt\u0159ina proud\u00ed pouze jedn\u00edm sm\u011brem, zat\u00edmco st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e1 elekt\u0159ina st\u0159\u00edd\u00e1 sv\u016fj tok n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t za sekundu. St\u0159\u00edda\u010d p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed stejnosm\u011brn\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed (obvykle 12, 24 nebo 48 V) na standardn\u00ed st\u0159\u00eddav\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed 120 nebo 240 V p\u0159i 60 Hz.<\/p>\n
St\u0159\u00edda\u010de mohou p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bnou energii ukl\u00e1dat do bateri\u00ed pro p\u0159\u00edpad nouze nebo \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 spot\u0159eby. St\u0159\u00edda\u010de mohou b\u00fdt d\u00e1le vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny v syst\u00e9mech obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f energie k p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b v\u00fdkonu v\u011btrn\u00fdch turb\u00edn nebo vodn\u00edch gener\u00e1tor\u016f na pou\u017eitelnou st\u0159\u00eddavou elekt\u0159inu pro pou\u017eit\u00ed jin\u00fdmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi v syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n
Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed panely vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011btlo k uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed elektron\u016f z k\u0159em\u00edkov\u00fdch desti\u010dek a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed elektrick\u00fd proud. Tento stejnosm\u011brn\u00fd proud (DC) bohu\u017eel nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vyu\u017eit v\u011bt\u0161inou dom\u00e1c\u00edch spot\u0159ebi\u010d\u016f, a proto sol\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9m vy\u017eaduje m\u011bni\u010d, kter\u00fd jej p\u0159evede na st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd proud, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee va\u0161e dom\u00e1cnost vyu\u017e\u00edt.<\/p>\n
St\u0159\u00edda\u010de pln\u00ed n\u011bkolik funkc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 napom\u00e1haj\u00ed provozu sol\u00e1rn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Nap\u0159\u00edklad monitoruj\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed na panelech, aby stanovily maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 v\u00fdstupn\u00edho v\u00fdkonu modul\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zabra\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e9mu nap\u011bt\u00ed na strun\u00e1ch a sni\u017euj\u00ed tak celkovou produkci energie z va\u0161eho syst\u00e9mu. Krom\u011b toho maj\u00ed st\u0159\u00edda\u010de funkce ochrany syst\u00e9mu proti poruch\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 detekuj\u00ed a vyp\u00ednaj\u00ed syst\u00e9m, pokud se n\u011bco pokaz\u00ed s panely nebo kabel\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, a okam\u017eit\u011b jej vyp\u00ednaj\u00ed, pokud se v obou p\u0159\u00edpadech n\u011bco pokaz\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Chytr\u00e9 st\u0159\u00edda\u010de poskytuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed vrstvu komunikace se s\u00edt\u00ed. St\u0159\u00edda\u010de p\u0159ipojen\u00e9 k sol\u00e1rn\u00edm syst\u00e9m\u016fm v\u00e1zan\u00fdm na s\u00ed\u0165 mohou detekovat odchylky frekvence a nap\u011bt\u00ed od standardn\u00edch hodnot a reagovat na n\u011b r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby; n\u011bkter\u00e9 mohou odolat mal\u00fdm poruch\u00e1m; pokud odchylka p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho, mohou se od n\u00ed dokonce odpojit a zcela vypnout.<\/p>\n
Jin\u00e9 st\u0159\u00edda\u010de v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed do s\u00edt\u011b jalov\u00fd v\u00fdkon, \u010d\u00edm\u017e pom\u00e1haj\u00ed vyrovn\u00e1vat jej\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hu a usnad\u0148uj\u00ed pr\u00e1ci energetick\u00fdm spole\u010dnostem. Krom\u011b toho tyto st\u0159\u00edda\u010de umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed vr\u00e1tit p\u0159ebyte\u010dnou sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energii zp\u011bt do s\u00edt\u011b - u\u0161et\u0159\u00edte tak pen\u00edze d\u00edky kredit\u016fm za \u010distou energii na va\u0161em \u00fa\u010dtu za elekt\u0159inu!<\/p>\n
S rostouc\u00edm vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie exponenci\u00e1ln\u011b roste v\u00fdznam komunikace st\u0159\u00edda\u010d\u016f se s\u00edt\u00ed. Mus\u00ed ji informovat, kdy\u017e jejich v\u00fdroba p\u0159ev\u00fd\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159ebu, aby mohly z\u00edskat kredit. Mus\u00ed b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 schopny m\u011bnit v\u00fdkon podle toho, jak se m\u011bn\u00ed ostatn\u00ed v\u00fdroba a popt\u00e1vka - co\u017e je aspekt zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako automatick\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00fdroby v s\u00edti.<\/p>\n
St\u0159\u00edda\u010de poskytuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 slu\u017eby, jako je nap\u011b\u0165ov\u00e1 a frekven\u010dn\u00ed odezva. V s\u00edti neust\u00e1le kol\u00eds\u00e1 nap\u011bt\u00ed (s\u00edla, kter\u00e1 posouv\u00e1 elektrick\u00fd n\u00e1boj vp\u0159ed) a proud (tok nabit\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic). D\u00edky st\u0159\u00edda\u010d\u016fm vybaven\u00fdm funkcemi pro synchronizaci obou do f\u00e1ze je jejich v\u00fdkon pro p\u0159ipojen\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \"re\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed\", aby ho mohla absorbovat.<\/p>\n
Stejn\u011b tak mohou st\u0159\u00edda\u010de v kombinaci se sol\u00e1rn\u00edmi syst\u00e9my pom\u00e1hat bateri\u00edm reagovat na kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed v s\u00edti t\u00edm, \u017ee upravuj\u00ed v\u00fdkon p\u0159i v\u00fdkyvech nebo poklesu nap\u011bt\u00ed - pom\u00e1haj\u00ed tak chr\u00e1nit baterie a dal\u0161\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b p\u0159ed po\u0161kozen\u00edm nebo poruchou.<\/p>\n
St\u0159\u00edda\u010de se mohou p\u0159ipojit k s\u00edti prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm komunika\u010dn\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zabudovan\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edmo v nich nebo p\u0159ipojen\u00e9ho jako p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161enstv\u00ed a odes\u00edlat informace o vlastn\u00ed v\u00fdrob\u011b a spot\u0159eb\u011b energie p\u0159\u00edmo do internetov\u00e9 br\u00e1ny nebo monitorovac\u00edho hardwaru, aby majitel\u00e9, energetick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a syst\u00e9my automatizace s\u00edt\u011b mohli sledovat v\u0161e, co se v nich d\u011bje.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Pro\u010d pot\u0159ebujete pro sv\u016fj sol\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9m st\u0159\u00edda\u010d energie V\u00e1\u0161 sol\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9m pot\u0159ebuje st\u0159\u00edda\u010d, kter\u00fd p\u0159em\u011bn\u00ed stejnosm\u011brn\u00fd proud (DC) z\u00edskan\u00fd z panel\u016f na st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fd proud (AC). Krom\u011b toho tyto st\u0159\u00edda\u010de pln\u00ed ve va\u0161\u00ed dom\u00e1cnosti \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch funkc\u00ed a m\u011bly by tak\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bt ve\u0161ker\u00e9 pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 \u00fakony \u00fadr\u017eby. Velikost va\u0161eho st\u0159\u00edda\u010de je z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na tom, jakou velikost m\u00e1 ...<\/p>\n